In a medium bowl, add all the dried chiles and cover with boiling water. Cover with a plate or a lid and let sit for 15 minutes, until just softened.
Salt and pepper the chuck roast on both sides. Cut the roast into two or three 3-inch pieces. Set an instant pot to the meat setting and heat. Place the chuck roast pieces into the hot pot and sear each side for 3 to 4 minutes until dark brown. Remove the meat and add 2 tablespoons olive oil in the same pot. Heat the olive oil and add the onion. Sauté for 1 to 2 minutes. Add the garlic, tomatoes, oregano, cumin, thyme, ginger, chile powder, cinnamon, bay leaves, salt, and pepper and continue to cook for 2 to 3 minutes. Strain the dried chilis from the hot water and add the chilis into the pot. Add the beef back in as well as the beef stock. Using a wooden spoon, stir until incorporated. Taste and season additionally according to your taste.
Close the lid and cook at high pressure for 65 to 75 minutes, until the meat is very tender. Turn off the heat and keep the lid closed for an additional 15 to 30 minutes to allow the pressure to release.
When done cooking, open the lid and remove the bay leaves. Transfer the meat onto a plate. Reserve 1 ½ cups of broth from the pot, making sure to reserve just the liquid. Using an immersion blender, blend the remaining liquid and vegetables into a sauce. Using two forks, pull and shred the beef into small pieces. Pour 1 ½ cups of blended sauce into the shredded beef and stir to incorporate. If necessary, add ½ cup additional sauce to ensure the meat is not dry. Pour the remaining birria sauce into a shallow dish.